Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add ground beef and cook for 5-7 minutes, breaking it apart with a spoon, until deeply browned and no pink remains. Drain excess fat if needed.
Add diced onion, minced garlic, and diced celery to the browned beef. Sauté for 3-4 minutes until the vegetables begin to soften and become fragrant. This aromatic base builds incredible depth for your cozy soup.
Stir in tomato paste and cook for 1 minute to concentrate its flavor, then add beef broth, diced potatoes, diced carrots, diced tomatoes with juice, oregano, basil, bay leaf, salt, and pepper. Bring the mixture to a boil.
Once boiling, reduce heat to medium and add chopped cabbage and green beans. This hamburger soup now simmers gently while vegetables become tender and flavors meld beautifully together.
Simmer for 15-18 minutes until potatoes are fork-tender and all vegetables have softened completely. Taste and adjust seasonings if needed. Remove the bay leaf before serving.