Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil and add penne. I cook mine to 8 minutes—one minute under the box time—because it continues cooking in the sauce and you want it to bite slightly when you serve it. Drain and set aside without rinsing, since you want the starch to help the sauce cling.
While water heats, heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat and add diced chicken breast. Season with half the salt and cook until the outside is sealed and barely white, about 3-4 minutes—don't fully cook it here, since it'll finish cooking in the sauce. This is where people make mistakes by cooking chicken all the way through, then it turns rubbery when you simmer it in cream.
Remove chicken to a plate and add sliced onion to the same skillet. Cook for 3 minutes until it begins to soften at the edges, then add minced garlic and cook for exactly 1 minute—any longer and garlic turns bitter and tastes burnt in the final creamy tuscan pasta family summer recipe. The smell should change from raw to toasted.
Pour in chicken broth and scrape the bottom of the pan with a wooden spoon to release the browned bits. These bits are flavor, and scraping them into the liquid is the difference between a flat sauce and one that tastes like it came from a kitchen where someone actually cared. Let broth simmer for 2 minutes to reduce slightly.
Reduce heat to medium and pour in heavy cream slowly while stirring constantly. Watch the sauce—it should thicken noticeably within 2-3 minutes. If it doesn't thicken, you need more heat; if it breaks into separated puddles, your heat is too high. I learned this the hard way during a dinner party, and now I keep my hand on the heat dial.
Return chicken to the skillet and add oregano, remaining salt, and black pepper. Stir until chicken is submerged and simmer for 3-4 minutes to finish cooking the chicken through. You're aiming for barely pink at the thickest part when you cut into a piece.
Add chopped sun-dried tomatoes and stir for 1 minute—this brief cooking blooms their flavor into the sauce without cooking them into oblivion. Sprinkle mozzarella over everything and stir constantly for 2 minutes until it melts completely and the sauce looks glossy and unified rather than streaky.
Add cooked penne to the skillet and toss everything together for 1-2 minutes until the sauce coats every piece. Add fresh basil last—stirring it in just before serving preserves the brightness that makes this Italian creamy summer family meal feel alive rather than heavy.