Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add diced chicken breast and cook for 5-6 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the outside is no longer pink and chicken is nearly cooked through.
Add diced onion to the pot and sauté for 2-3 minutes until it becomes fragrant and slightly translucent. Stir in minced garlic and cook for another 30 seconds until you can smell that delicious garlic aroma.
Pour in chicken broth and add the drained white beans along with diced green chiles. Stir well to combine and bring the creamy hearty white bean chicken chili recipe to a gentle simmer, cooking for 8-10 minutes until flavors start blending together.
Add cumin, chili powder, oregano, salt, and black pepper to the pot. Stir everything thoroughly and let it simmer for another 5 minutes so the spices fully bloom and distribute evenly.
Reduce heat to low and slowly pour in heavy cream while stirring constantly. Add corn and cook for 2-3 minutes until the mixture is creamy and corn is heated through, being careful not to boil it.
Taste the white bean chili and adjust seasonings as needed. Squeeze fresh lime juice over the entire pot and stir well, then top with chopped cilantro before serving hot.