Melt butter in a large cast iron skillet over medium-high heat until foaming. Add ground beef and cook for 5-6 minutes, breaking it into small pieces as it browns, until no pink remains throughout the meat.
Stir in diced onion and minced garlic, cooking for 2 minutes until fragrant and the onion begins softening. The aromatics release their oils and season the butter beautifully at this stage.
Add diced potatoes to the school night skillet recipe and stir everything together, coating vegetables in the buttery beef mixture. Cook for 4 minutes without stirring to allow slight browning on the potato edges.
Pour in beef broth, then add bell peppers, zucchini, thyme, oregano, salt, and pepper. Stir well and bring to a gentle simmer for 8-10 minutes until potatoes are fork-tender and the liquid reduces by half.
Taste and adjust seasonings as needed—add more salt or pepper to your preference. Top with shredded cheddar cheese and fresh chopped parsley, allowing the cheese to melt into the warm vegetables over 1-2 minutes off heat.